So how can XDR be stopped? One relatively new weapon in the typhoid arsenal is a vaccine that the World Health Organization recommended for use in 2018. A new vaccine could be the key to stopping XDR typhoid But researchers are concerned that the widespread use of azithromycin could lead XDR to become resistant to the drug. That's because there is only one oral antibiotic that can cure XDR typhoid: azithromycin, which was approved for medical use in 1988 and is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics on the market. This spread is what concerns scientists like Andrews, an author of the paper.

It's also spread to other countries, according to research published in June in The Lancet Microbe. It first emerged in Pakistan in 2016 and by 2019 became the dominant strain in the country. The worst strain is called XDR вЂ“ short for extensively drug resistant. 'It's just happened over and over again, now for 70 years.' Jason Andrews, associate professor of infectious diseases at Stanford University. We develop new drugs, typhoid becomes resistant,' says Dr. Since then, nearly every time a new antibiotic with the potential to cure typhoid is developed, a new strain emerges that can beat it. Antibiotic-resistant typhoid first appeared on the scene around 1950.

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